Category: Universals Archive

Universal 545: Original The degree of morphological fusion varies inversely with the size of the numerical value. Standardized The degree of morphological fusion varies inversely…

Universal 561: Du (non-pronominal agreement forms) ⇒ Du (personal pronoun & noun) Original If the dual extends to non-pronominal agreement forms, it also extends to…

Universal 577: Original If any inflectional category is expressed through suppletion in nouns, it is also expressed suppletively in pronouns or verbs. Standardized IF any…

Universal 593: Original In all languages, there are some utterances where simultaneity of morphemes symbolizes semantic relatedness. (Cf. the placement of meaning-bearing suprasegmental features). Standardized…

Universal 609: Original Reference clauses for Switch-Reference marking are never subordinate to Marking clauses. Standardized Reference clauses for Switch-Reference marking are never subordinate to Marking…

Universal 625: distributive-share quantifier word ⇒ distributive-share numeral word Original If a language has a distributive-share quantifier word, it has a distributive-share numeral word. Standardized…

Universal 641: Original Variation of the category of person in personal pronouns so as to show degrees of respect or social distance usually occurs in…

Universal 657: Original There is no reduplication pattern where the constituent to be reduplicated may be freely chosen from among the included subconstituents. Standardized There…

Universal 673: (person & number) in indicative ⇒ (person & number) in imperative Original If there is person-number distinction in indicative forms, the same distinction…

Universal 689: Original The combination of two obstruent consonants which are different only with regard to their belonging to different ‘Lokalisierungsreihen’ (e.g. pt, xs, sf),…