Category: Universals Archive

Universal 1680: Original Habitual grams tend to come from verbs meaning ‘live’, ‘know’ or ‘be used to’. Standardized Habitual grams tend to come from verbs…

Universal 1696: Original The Shell Law:In general, a shell seems to be the more preferred, the less similar the head and (the mirror image of)…

Universal 1712: Original The Attractiveness of Bodies:A body is the more attractive: (a) the more heavily its syllable is accented relative to the preceding syllable,…

Universal 1728: Original If any non-bound noun phrase constituent can occur nominally, so can all other more peripherally ordered ones. Standardized IF any non-bound noun…

Universal 1744: Original Provided ordinal numerals are formally distinguished from cardinal numerals and one is based on/ derived from/ more complex than the other (rather…

Universal 1760: ##_V ⇒ V_V, V#_V, V_#V ⇒ V_#C, V_##, V_C#(#), VC_## Original Environmental hierarchy of consonantal weakening: initial ⇒ > intervocalic ⇒ final. If…

Universal 1776: Original Universal Inequality Condition:(A) e → Ø / _#; (B) o → Ø / _#; (C) a → Ø / _#; 1. If…

Universal 1792: likelihood of N-deletion: N → Ø/ _V ⇒ _#V ⇒ _#C ⇒ _C Original Nasals are deleted preferentially before consonants word-medially than word-finally…

Universal 1808: Original Standardized IF there is a voiced alveolar implosive, THEN there is a voiced bilabial implosive. Keywords implosive, bilabial, alveolar, voice Domain phonology…

Universal 1824: Original Standardized IF there is a voiced pharyngeal fricative, THEN there is a voiceless pharyngeal fricative. Keywords fricative, pharyngeal, voice Domain phonology Type…