Universal 1840: Original If a language has long raised low front unrounded vowels [æ:] then it also has long high back rounded vowels [u:]. Standardized…
Universal 1840:
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Das grammatische Raritätenkabinett & The Universals Archive
Universals Archive
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Universal 1840: Original If a language has long raised low front unrounded vowels [æ:] then it also has long high back rounded vowels [u:]. Standardized…
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Universal 1856: Original The consonantality of a neighboring sound has the effect of changing a nontrill (flap or tap) into a trill whereas a neighboring…
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Universal 1872: Original There are instances in which a 1st person inclusive plural shows by its morphological structure that it consists of the 1st person…
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Universal 1888: Original Languages possessing the pairs voice–voiceless, aspirate–non-aspirate, have also a phoneme /h/. Standardized IF there is an opposition of voice vs. voiceless and…
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Universal 1904: Original Cumulative languages prefer fusional morphology or rigid word order. Standardized IF a language is of the cumulative mixed type, THEN there will…
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Universal 1920: Original Only languages that distinguish tense and/or aspect in their verbal morphology will be likely to have an indicative-subjunctive distinction in complementation. Standardized…
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Universal 1936: Original Indefinite word forms which synchronically contain an indefiniteness marker that already exists in the potential recipient language are more likely to be…
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Universal 1952: Original There can … be [a] correlation between whether a language has grammatical noun classes or lexical noun classifiers, and its preference for…
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Universal 1968: Original In a given language the grammatical categories of the verb (e.g., person, voice, mood, tense, negation) may be carried to a greater…
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Universal 1984: Original If Ex and Cop are lexically separate in the present tense, they tend to share a single past tense. Standardized IF the…