Category: Universals Archive

Universal 746: Tense ⇒ Past/Non-Past Original The Universal of Tense-Aspect Organization:If a language encodes a tense opposition in its verbal system, this opposition will hold…

Universal 762: Original Injectives tend not to cluster with plain consonants. Standardized Injectives tend not to cluster with plain consonants. Keywords injective, consonant cluster Domain…

Universal 778: Original If a language has only three primary oral stops, their primary allophones are most likely to be /p t k/. Standardized IF…

Universal 794: Original If a language has only one place of articulation for a given type of consonant it is most likely to be the…

Universal 810: stress for semantic contrast ⇒ non-monosyllabic Original Stress can be used for semantic contrasts only in non-monosyllabic languages. Standardized IF stress is used…

Universal 826: correlatives ⇒ ¬ RelN Original If a language has correlative relative constructions, it does not have prenominal ad-relative* clauses. Standardized IF there are…

Universal 842: Original There are no initial or final clusters in which all obstruent combinations are heterogeneous in regard to voicing. Standardized There are no…

Universal 858: Original In final systems, clusters with two members never consist of a hushing followed by a hissing sibilant. Standardized In final systems, clusters…

Universal 874: Original In initial clusters, the existence of at least one cluster consisting of nasal + liquid implies the existence of at least one…

Universal 890: Original Iambic vs. Troachaic phrase accent and its many correlatesSee Graphics Standardized See Graphics for Iambic vs. Troachaic phrase accent and its many…