Universal 499: Original In conditional statements, the conditional clause precedes the conclusion as the normal order in all languages. Standardized In conditional statements, the conditional…
Universal 499:
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Das grammatische Raritätenkabinett & The Universals Archive
Universals Archive
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Universal 499: Original In conditional statements, the conditional clause precedes the conclusion as the normal order in all languages. Standardized In conditional statements, the conditional…
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Universal 515: Original All languages have pronominal categories involving at least three persons and two numbers. Standardized All languages have pronominal categories involving at least…
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Universal 531: Original The smallest value for L in numeral systems with arithmetical operations is 4. Standardized IF a numeral system has arithmetical operations, THEN…
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Universal 547: Original In languages with singular/dual/plural systems in the noun, if the plural is used in any instances where a set of two objects…
Universal 563: Duo-Paucal ⇒ Paucal & Mult(itudin)al Original If a language knows a Duo-Paucal, it will also contrast a general Paucal with a Multitudinal. Standardized…
Universal 579: count & mass nouns ⇔ configurational NP; Original A language distinguishes between count and mass nouns if and only if a language possesses…
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Universal 595: Original The reversal of syntactic constituent order is never systematically iconic, i. e. signaling the reversal of meaning. Standardized The reversal of syntactic…
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Universal 611: Original If a language has Switch-Reference marking between non-adjacent clauses, it will also mark Switch-reference between adjacent clauses. Standardized IF there is switch-reference…
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Universal 627: Original If a distributive-share quantifier word and its ordinary counterpart are associated, in a certain construction, with different number morphology, then the distributive…
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Universal 643: Original Variation of person in pronominal reference indicates greater difference in degree of respect or social distance than does variation of number. Standardized…