Universal 1440: Original In no language are there pronominal forms differentiating the number of elements within a metaperson, e.g. special forms for ‘hearer + hearer…
Universal 1440:
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Universal 1440: Original In no language are there pronominal forms differentiating the number of elements within a metaperson, e.g. special forms for ‘hearer + hearer…
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Universal 1456: Original In an overwhelming majority of languages, if the metaperson ‘non-participant’ in the singular is not the only meaning denoted by some pronominal…
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Universal 1472: Original In an overwhelming majority of languages, there is no special form to denote the metaperson ‘speaker + hearer(s) + non-participant(s)’. Standardized In…
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Universal 1488: Original In ditransitive constructions, the theme/direct object may incorporate, but the goal/indirect object may not. Standardized In ditransitive constructions, the theme/direct object may…
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Universal 1504: Original The endpoint configuration prediction:Any language which has a lexeme denoting motion out of or motion through some configuration will also have a…
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Universal 1520: OS ⇒ N Gen Original In possessive constructions subject-final languages always present full noun phrase possessors after the head (the possessed) noun phrase.…
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Universal 1536: Original In verb-initial languages, there is a tendency for many types of subordinate clauses to be finite. Standardized IF word order is verb-initial,…
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Universal 1552: Original In verb-initial and verb-final languages, but not in verb-medial ones, relative pronouns which code the case of the position relativized are rare.…
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Universal 1568: Original If a language has both (a) reflexive construction with the true passive meaning and (b) special (e.g., analytical participial) forms for the…
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Universal 1584: kin terms and/or body parts > part-whole and/or spatial relations > culturally basic possessed items Original Semantic scale of inalienable possession: kin terms…