Universal 1800: Original Syllables and words are more likely to contain obstruents syllable and word-initially, and sonorants finally. Standardized IF obstruents occur syllable- and word-finally,…
Universal 1800:
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Universal 1800: Original Syllables and words are more likely to contain obstruents syllable and word-initially, and sonorants finally. Standardized IF obstruents occur syllable- and word-finally,…
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Universal 1816: Original The presence of a voiceless dental-alveolar sibilant ejective affricate [”ts‘”] does not occur without a voiced dental-alveolar nasal [n]. Standardized IF there…
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Universal 1832: Original Standardized IF there is a breathy voiced bilabial stop, THEN there is also a breathy voiced velar stop. Keywords stop, bilabial, velar,…
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Universal 1848: Original See IPA. Standardized IF there is a laryngealized voiced alveolar stop, THEN there is also a laryngealized voiced bilabial stop. Keywords stop,…
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Universal 1864: Original There is a “tone of voice” appropriate for talking to young children:(i) overall higher pitch and/or exaggerated intonation contours;(ii) slower speech tempo.…
Universal 1880: 1st vs. 2nd/3rd person split: future > present > past Original If a language has different tense categories and shows a split between…
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Universal 1896: Original Given a particular language, and given a particular constituent class such that at least some members of that class are not inflected…
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Universal 1912: Original In addition to DAT/BEN objects, other object cases lower on the topicality hierarchy may also be “promoted” to DO — but always…
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Universal 1928: negative determiner is borrowed ⇒ specific determiner is borrowed Original If there is a word-form loan of a negative determiner in a language,…
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Universal 1944: Original When three-degree systems of demonstratives where proximal/medial/distal correspond to 1st/2nd/3rd person develop into two-degree systems, the opposition will be proximal&medial vs. distal…