Month: May 2020

Universal 1095: mono-valent resultative formed from bi-valent verb ⇒ bi-valent resultative formed from tri-valent verb Original If there are mono-valent resultatives formed from bi-valent verbs…

Universal 1094: Original Nasal consonants tend to share place of articulation properties with stop systems, and glottal features, syllabicity, and accent bearing with liquids. Standardized…

Universal 1093: Original If there is a contrast in glottal feature, length, or other secondary articulation, then that feature is also contrastive in the oral…

Universal 1092: Original Nasal stop systems always have voiced members. Standardized Nasal stop systems always have voiced members. Keywords nasal, stop Domain phonology Type unconditional…

Universal 1091: Original If there are X stop and affricate positions, then the number of nasal positions will not exceed X. Standardized IF there are…

Universal 1090: Original Nasal stop systems do not have more place of articulation contrasts than corresponding oral stop systems. Standardized IF there are any place…

Universal 1089: Original Nearly all languages have contrasting labial and dental nasals. Standardized Nearly all languages have contrasting labial and dental nasals. Keywords nasal, consonant,…

Universal 1088: Original Nasal systems with more than two place of articulation contrasts usually have a palatal or velar nasal, or both. Standardized IF a…

Universal 1087: Original It is clear that the general tendency for a cluster of consonant and nasal is either to (i) retain the nasality (by…

Universal 1086: Original We have not found a single instance in which a nasalized low vowel is lower than the corresponding oral vowel, whereas the…