Month: May 2020

Universal 945: Original Of the two vowels i and ü, i may originate from ü but not ü from i. Standardized When there is i…

Universal 944: Original If nasal and oral vowels merge unconditionally, the phonetic result is always an oral vowel. Standardized When nasal and oral vowels merge…

Universal 943: Original A merger of oral vowels always presupposes the merger of the corresponding nasal vowels if they exist. Standardized IF there is a…

Universal 942: Original Nasalized vowels always arise from a sequence of vowel and nasal consonant origin. Standardized Nasalized vowels always arise from a sequence of…

Universal 941: Original A nasal syllabic phoneme, apart from borrowings and analogical formations, always results from the loss of a vowel. Standardized A nasal syllabic…

Universal 940: Original Nasal vowels, apart from borrowing and analogical formations, always result from the loss of a Primary Nasal Consonant. Standardized Nasal vowels, apart…

Universal 939: Original When in a given language there is extensive neutralization of nasal vowels with oral vowels, this occurs next to nasal consonants. Standardized…

Universal 938: Original In most languages, low vowels are longer than high vowels, all things being equal.(see also IPA) Standardized Low vowels tend to be…

Universal 937: Original No language has nasal vowels unless it also has one or more primary nasal consonants. Standardized IF there are nasal vowels, THEN…

Universal 936: Original Secondary nasal consonants are, apart from borrowing and analogical formations, always the result of diachronic developments from clusters. Standardized Secondary nasal consonants…