Month: May 2020

Universal 785: secondary oral stops ⇒ primary oral stops Original A language is highly unlikely to have secondary oral stops unless it also has primary…

Universal 784: Original The preferred number of primary oral stops in a given language is between four and eight. Standardized The preferred number of primary…

Universal 783: Original In a given language, the number of primary oral affricates will be less than the number of primary oral stops. Standardized The…

Universal 782: voiced primary oral stop ⇒ unvoiced primary oral stop Original The presence of a voiced primary oral stop in a language is highly…

Universal 781: Original In a given language the number of voiceless primary oral stops is nearly always greater than the number of voiced ones. Standardized…

Universal 780: Original Standardized IF there is only one primary affricated stop, THEN the primary allophone is most likely to be /t∫/. Keywords affricate, allophone…

Universal 779: affricate stop ⇒ three plain stops Original If a language has an affricated stop, it is most likely that it also has (at…

Universal 778: Original If a language has only three primary oral stops, their primary allophones are most likely to be /p t k/. Standardized IF…

Universal 777: Original Languages usually have at least three primary oral stops. Standardized There are at least three primary oral stops. Keywords consonant, oral, stop…

Universal 776: /h/ ⇒ primary fricative Original A language is very unlikely to have /h/ unless it also has a primary fricative. Standardized IF there…