Month: May 2020

Universal 715: Original A larger number of tone levels occupy a larger pitch range than a smaller number. Standardized The larger the number of (phonological)…

Universal 714: Original A language may contrast up to five levels of tone, but no more. Standardized There will be no more than five phonological…

Universal 713: grammatical opposition (Du) ⇒ grammatical opposition (Pl) Original If there is any grammatical opposition in the forms of Dual, then there is the…

Universal 712: Original Standardized IF there is no opposition of front and back fricatives, THEN the s-sound is not sharply differentiated from an ∫-articulation. Keywords…

Universal 711: Original The phrasal categories appear to form a hierarchy: S —VP—AP—PP—NP.It is claimed that a language will not use one co-ordination strategy for…

Universal 710: agglutinative ⇒ vowel harmony;flective ⇒ single main stress accent Original When stem-suffix combinations are morphologically less cohesive (i.e. agglutinative), words are given unity…

Universal 709: Original Systems in which high tones are marked occur more often than systems in which low tones are marked. Standardized Marked tones tend…

Universal 708: Original […] eine Sprache, die es […] liebt, modifizierende oder grammatische Elemente in großer Zahl dem Wortstamm unterzuordnen, wird keine Neigung zu einem…

Universal 707: Original If a nasal vowel system is smaller than the corresponding basic vowel system, it is most often a mid vowel that is…

Universal 706: nasal vowels ⇒ as many or more oral vowels Original The number of vowels in a nasal vowel system is equal to or…