Month: May 2020

Universal 685: Original All languages have the place distinctions of high and low and of front and back in their vowel systems; hence vowel systems…

Universal 684: morphological negation ⇒ verb-initial order v. free word order Original Morphological Negation — in particular suffixal Neg — is more common in verb-final…

Universal 683: Original If syntactic Negation, then the following factors are likely:a. moveability of Negation;b. prosodic independence (e.g. the Negation morpheme carries a stress of…

Universal 682: Original If morphological Negation, then following factors are likely:a. portmanteau realization of Neg;b. prosodic unity of Neg and verb (viz. if they ‘share’…

Universal 681: Original The main principles for the position of negatives:(a) they tend not to be separated from the verb by the subject or the…

Universal 680: Original If a language has dummy auxiliary Negative construction, then there must be another way of negation in this language. Standardized IF there…

Universal 679: double negation ⇒ Neg Verb Neg Original If there is double negation within a language, then the negatives normally precede and follow the…

Universal 678: initial nonverbal element in SubCl ⇒ postnominal RelCl contain relative pronoun Original Postnominal relative clauses contain relative pronouns only if the language allows…

Universal 677: Original If a language uses relative pronouns of interrogative form in ad-relative* clauses, then in that language interrogative pronouns are placed in initial…

Universal 676: replacive RelCl ⇒ OV & left-to-right deletion of anaphora Original If a language has replacive relative clauses, then in the basic word order…