Month: May 2020

Universal 595: Original The reversal of syntactic constituent order is never systematically iconic, i. e. signaling the reversal of meaning. Standardized The reversal of syntactic…

Universal 594: Original If in a language the temporal order of syntactic constituents that describe events symbolizes anything about the actual order in which these…

Universal 593: Original In all languages, there are some utterances where simultaneity of morphemes symbolizes semantic relatedness. (Cf. the placement of meaning-bearing suprasegmental features). Standardized…

Universal 592: Original In all languages, some instances of adjacency relations among syntactic constituents symbolize semantic relatedness between the corresponding meanings; but in all languages…

Universal 591: Original The repetition of syntactic constituents is used in all languages to express continuity of action (e.g. he walked and walked) and/or emphasis…

Universal 590: Original All languages include some utterances where the grouping of some semantic features in syntactic surface structure is identical to their grouping in…

Universal 589: Original All languages include utterance pairs where inclusion relations between semantic representations are paralleled by corresponding inclusion relations in morpheme structure; but in…

Universal 588: Original Whenever in a language there are two classes of noun phrases such that members of one class are case-marked ergatively and members…

Universal 587: gender inflection ⇒ flexive Original … eine höchst bemerkenswerte Erscheinung, die nur in flektierenden Sprachen anzutreffen ist, das ist das grammatische Geschlecht.(Grammatical gender…

Universal 586: agglutinative ⇒ ¬ gender inflection Original If a language is of the agglutinative type, then it cannot have grammatical gender. Standardized IF morphology…