Month: May 2020

Universal 2025: Original the presence of a word-initial geminate in a given language implies that medial geminates are also present in that language. Standardized IF…

Universal 2024: Original [IF there is Scrambling, then basic order is SOV.] Standardized IF there is Scrambling, then basic order is SOV. Keywords order, SOV,…

Universal 2023: Original It also appears that the main universal mode for describing cognitively based feelings is in terms of a comparison, that is, via…

Universal 2022: Original In all languages, there are alternative grammatical constructions for describing (and interpreting) cognitively based feelings, conceptualizing “emotions” as “involuntary” or as “uncontrollable”,…

Universal 2021: Original (i) In all languages, people can describe cognitively based feelings via observable bodily “symptoms” (that is, via some bodily events regarded as…

Universal 2020: Original All languages have words linking feelings with (i) the thought that “something bad can happen to me”, (ii) the thought that “I…

Universal 2019: Original All languages have some “emotion terms” (i.e. terms designating some cognitively based feelings). Standardized There are some “emotion terms” (i.e. terms designating…

Universal 2018: Original All languages have “emotive” interjections (i.e. interjections expressing cognitively based feelings). Standardized There are “emotive” interjections (i.e. interjections expressing cognitively based feelings).…

Universal 2017: Original All languages have words comparable, though not necessarily identical in meaning, with cry and smile; that is words referring to bodily expression…

Universal 2016: Original In all languages, some feelings can be described as “good” and some as “bad” (while some may be viewed as neither “good”…