Month: May 2020

Universal 455: Original An inalienably possessed, non-vocative noun does not necessarily imply that the corresponding vocative noun is inalienably possessed. Standardized IF a noun is…

Universal 454: personal possessive prefixes ⇒ G N Original Personal possessive prefixes always imply a GN order, but not the converse; for personal possessive suffixes…

Universal 453: free, less intimate possessor form ⇒ bound, more intimate possessor form Original A free, less intimate possessor form may imply a bound, more…

Universal 452: pre-aspirated consonant ⇒ post-aspirated consonant; Original Postaspirated consonants occur more frequently than pre-aspirated ones. Standardized IF there are pre-aspirated consonants, THEN there are…

Universal 451: 3 person (possessor) ⇒ 3 person (possessee) Original A possessor marked for 3rd person implies a possessee so marked in the same construction.…

Universal 450: genitive (possessee) ⇒ genitive (possessor) Original A possessee marked for genitive implies a construction in which the possessor is so marked. Standardized IF…

Universal 449: Gen N (nominally possessed construction) ⇒ Gen Pro (pronominal construction) Original A Gen N constituent order in a nominally possessed construction implies the…

Universal 448: Original A genitive-marked constituent in a pronominally possessed construction implies genitive marking of the corresponding constituent in a nominally possessed construction. Standardized IF…

Universal 447: verb-initial ⇒ preposition V case prefixes Original If a language has verb-initial word order, then it has prepositions or case prefixes. Standardized IF…

Universal 446: verb-final v. free order ⇒ postposition v case affixes Original If a language has Verb-final (rigid, or non-rigid) or free word order as…