Month: May 2020

Universal 395: participles ⇒ nominalized verb forms Original If a language has a morphological means to indicate verbal modification (i.e., if a language has participles),…

Universal 394: Original If a language has cross-referential inflection, it also has some self-referencing expression of the same categories. Standardized IF there is cross-referential inflection,…

Universal 393: person-number (adposition) ⇒ person-number (noun) ⇒ person-number (verb) Original If a language shows person-number marking on adpositions, it also shows the same on…

Universal 392: Original If a language has the category of group plural at all, it will use it only with singular definite nouns, such as…

Universal 391: associative Plural ⇒ basic Plural Original If a language has a group plural, it also has a basic plural. Standardized IF there is…

Universal 390: aspirated consonant precedes an unstressed vowel ⇒ aspir. consonant precedes a secondary stressed vowel ⇒ aspirated consonant precedes a primary stressed vowel; Original…

Universal 389: Original Aspirated consonants occur mostly prevocalically, then postvocalically, preconsonantally, and in (absolute) final position. Standardized IF aspirated consonants occur in absolute final position,…

Universal 388: agglutinative ⇔ ¬ gender inflection Original Languages without inflectional gender are agglutinating, and vice versa. Standardized IF there is no inflectional gender, THEN…

Universal 387: h V [ +high ] ⇒ h V [ +low ] Original /h/ occurs more frequently preceding a low vowel than a high…

Universal 386: inflection (noun) ⇒ inflection (verb) Original If a language has nominal inflection, it also has verbal inflection. Standardized IF there is nominal inflection,…