Month: May 2020

Universal 305: passives of INTR ⇒ passives of TR Original If a language has passive voice forms derived from intransitive verbs, it has passive voice…

Universal 304: three-member passive ⇒ two-member passive Original If there is a three-member passive construction, then there will be a two-member passive construction, derived from…

Universal 303: ergative construction (non-past V imperfect) V. passive voice (non-past V imperfect) ⇒⇒ ergative construction (past V perfective) V. passive voice (past V perfective)…

Universal 302: Original In the majority of languages the nominal and pronominal subject in the passive voice has the same grammatical patterning as the subject…

Universal 301: Original In all languages (?) it is possible to form general questions without inversion. Standardized General questions can be formed without inversion. Keywords…

Universal 300: Original In all languages there is parataxis. Standardized Parataxis is used as a way of clause conjoining. Keywords parataxis, juxtaposition, clause conjoining Domain…

Universal 299: Original All languages use reduplication as a productive grammatical way of word formation and inflection. Standardized Reduplication is used as a productive grammatical…

Universal 298: Original In all languages: if there is no category definiteness/indefiniteness, then the change of the word order is used as a way of…

Universal 297: Original In all languages, inversion of the word order can be used as a logical or emotional emphasis. Standardized Inversion of word order…

Universal 296: Original In all languages: if the noun has no case, and the verb has no such categories which could point out the relation…