Month: May 2020

Universal 1995: Original And some [semantic] criteria appear never to define a gender completely. … I have not found a language of any family in…

Universal 996: Original [Unfortunately, or luckily,] all grammars leak. Standardized All grammars leak. Keywords analogy, iconicity, economy, plumbing Domain phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, etc. Type…

Universal 1993: Original Free forms are more easily susceptible to morphological replacement through analogical levelling or otherwise than bound forms. Standardized IF a bound form…

Universal 1992: Original In synchronic as well as diachronic treatments of languages, the pronominal system is much more basic and primary than pronominal agreement in…

Universal 1991: Original As a “natural” semantic shift alternative (a) [human vs. non-human > human male vs. other] is much less motivated than alternative (b)…

Universal 1990: Original In terms of the above tree model, we may say that gender systems have their genesis in the left branching of the…

Universal 1989: Original simplification … in the typologically expected direction …In the process of category-collapsing, we normally expect as well as find the non-human or…

Universal 1988: Original Das substantiv gibt den namen, das adjectiv die beschaffenheit des gegenstandes an. sicher war auch jenes bei seinem ursprung von einer eigenschaft…

Universal 1987: Original In an SOV language with Ex and Cop lexically separate, the Ex tends to be used as an auxiliary combining with the…

Universal 1986: Original If Ex and Cop are lexically separate, and they are in a suppletive relation with verbs meaning ‘become’ and ‘stay’, then ‘become’…