Month: May 2020

Universal 225: Original Difference of case inventories in the different systems:the strong active system is characterized by an absence of case inflection; the opposition of…

Universal 224: labial/dental stops ⇒ nasal /oral stops Original The first consonantal opposition is that of nasal and oral stop, which is followed by the…

Universal 223: Original In all languages: if there is a phonemic alternation in root morphemes, then there is a phonemic alternation in non-root morphemes as…

Universal 222: Original If a language has a distributive-key quantifier word, then that word is a distributive-key universal quantifier. Standardized IF there is a distributive-key…

Universal 221: Original In all languages: each free root morpheme (in contrast to the non-root morpheme) is expressed with more than one consonant phoneme. Standardized…

Universal 220: Original If a language has a converb with the fundamental meaning of succession, then it has also a converb with the fundamental meaning…

Universal 219: Original In all languages: if there are non-root morphemes, then all such morphemes have a more limited inventory of phonemes than root-morphemes and…

Universal 218: mellow fricative ⇒ strident fricative Original Standardized IF there are mellow fricatives, THEN there are corresponding strident fricatives. Keywords mellow, strident, fricative Domain…

Universal 217: Original This hierarchy expresses the semantic naturalness for a lexically specified noun phrase to function as agent of a true transitive verb and…

Universal 216: active alignment ⇒ case (Act/Inact) & personal affix (Act /Inact) Original The most important morphological implications of active languages are as follows: the…