Universal 1805: Original Standardized IF there is a voiced labial-velar stop, THEN there is a voiceless labiodental fricative. Keywords fricative, stop, labial-velar, labiodental, voice Domain…
Universal 1805:
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Universal 1805: Original Standardized IF there is a voiced labial-velar stop, THEN there is a voiceless labiodental fricative. Keywords fricative, stop, labial-velar, labiodental, voice Domain…
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Universal 1804: Original IF there is a voiced dental-alveolar sibilant fricative [”z”], THEN there is a voiceless dental-alveolar sibilant fricative [”s”]. Standardized IF there is…
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Universal 1803: Original A long high back rounded vowel does not occur without a long high front unrounded vowel. Standardized IF there is a long…
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Universal 1802: Original The presence of a voiced alveolar sibilant fricative implies the presence of a voiceless alveolar sibilant fricative. Standardized IF there is a…
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Universal 1801: Original Nasals tend to endure word-finally after obstruents have been lost. Standardized In word-final nasal + obstruent clusters, IF the nasal is deleted,…
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Universal 1800: Original Syllables and words are more likely to contain obstruents syllable and word-initially, and sonorants finally. Standardized IF obstruents occur syllable- and word-finally,…
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Universal 1799: Original There is a tendency for consonants to front initially and back finally. Standardized There is a tendency for consonants to front when…
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Universal 1798: Original There is a tendency for obstruents to be devoiced more often finally then initially. Standardized IF obstruents are devoiced initially, THEN they…
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Universal 1797: Original Preferential Vowel-Lengthening Parameter:Vowel lengthening preferably occurs before the cluster nasal + fricative than nasal + stop.Vowel lengthening preferably occurs before the cluster…
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Universal 1796: Original In preconsonantal position distinctive nasalization develops preferentially before continuants. Standardized In preconsonantal position distinctive nasalization develops preferentially before continuants. Keywords nasalization, preconsonantal,…