Universal 1485: Incl/Excl (Tr) ⇒ Incl/Excl (Du) & Incl/Excl (Pl) Original If in a language there is an opposition of the metapersons ‘speaker + hearer(s)’…
Month: May 2020
Universal 1484:
Posted in Universals Archive
Universal 1484: Original If in a language there is a pronominal form denoting the trial of the metapersons ‘hearer’ and ‘hearer(s) + non-participant(s)’ and/or the…
Universal 1483:
Posted in Universals Archive
Universal 1483: Original If in a language there is a pronominal form denoting the dual of the metapersons ‘hearer’, ‘hearer + non-participant’ and/or ‘non-participant’, then…
Universal 1482:
Posted in Universals Archive
Universal 1482: Original If a language has a special form with the meaning ‘hearers’ and/or ‘hearer(s) + non-participant(s)’, then it has a special form with…
Universal 1481:
Posted in Universals Archive
Universal 1481: Original If a language lacks a form with the meaning ‘hearer’ and/or ‘hearers’ and/or ‘hearer(s) + non-participant(s)’, then it has a special form…
Universal 1480:
Posted in Universals Archive
Universal 1480: Original If a language has a special form with the meaning ‘speaker + non-participant(s)’ (i.e. “we exclusive”) then it has a special form…
Universal 1479:
Posted in Universals Archive
Universal 1479: Original If a language lacks a form with the meaning ‘speaker + hearer(s)’ and/or ‘speaker + non-participant (s)’ and/or ‘speaker + hearer(s) +…
Universal 1478:
Posted in Universals Archive
Universal 1478: Original If in a language there are no special forms distinguishing the metapersons ‘speaker’ and ‘speaker + hearer(s)’ or ‘speaker’ and ‘speaker +…
Universal 1477:
Posted in Universals Archive
Universal 1477: Original In all languages, if the metaperson ‘speaker + hearer(s) + non-participant(s)’ is not the only meaning of a certain form, then this…
Universal 1476:
Posted in Universals Archive
Universal 1476: Original In an overwhelming majority of languages, if some form denotes the metaperson ‘speaker + hearer(s) + non-participant(s)’, then it cannot denote the…