Month: May 2020

Universal 1465: Original If some form denotes the metaperson ‘speaker + non-participant(s)’, then(a) in some languages it cannot include among its meanings any other metaperson;(b)…

Universal 1464: Original In an overwhelming majority of languages, if the metapersons ‘speaker + hearer(s)’ and ‘speaker + hearer(s) + non-participant(s)’ are not the only…

Universal 1463: Original In an overwhelming majority of languages, if some form denotes the metaperson ‘speaker + hearer(s)’ and/or ‘speaker + non-participant(s)’, it cannot include…

Universal 1462: Original In an overwhelming majority of languages, if some form denotes the metaperson ‘speaker + hearer(s)’ and/or ‘speaker + non-participant(s)’, it cannot denote…

Universal 1461: Original If some form denotes the metaperson ‘speaker + hearer(s)’, then(a) in some languages this form can also denote the metaperson ‘speaker +…

Universal 1460: Original In all languages, if some form denotes the metaperson ‘speaker + hearer(s)’, it must also denote the metaperson ‘speaker + hearer(s) +…

Universal 1459: Original In no language is there a special form to denote a metaperson ‘speaker+hearer(s)’. Standardized In no language is there a special form…

Universal 1458: Original In an overwhelming majority of languages, if the metaperson ‘non-participant’ in the non-singular is not the only meaning denoted by some form,…

Universal 1457: Original In an overwhelming majority of languages, if some form denotes the metaperson ‘non-participant’ in the non-singular, then it cannot be used to…

Universal 1456: Original In an overwhelming majority of languages, if the metaperson ‘non-participant’ in the singular is not the only meaning denoted by some pronominal…