Month: May 2020

Universal 1445: Original In an overwhelming majority of languages, there is a special form to denote the metaperson ‘hearer’ in the singular. Standardized In an…

Universal 1444: Original In all languages, if the metaperson ‘speaker’ is not the only meaning denoted by a certain pronominal form, then among its meanings…

Universal 1443: Original In an overwhelming majority of languages, if some form denotes the metaperson ‘speaker’, it cannot include among its meanings the following metapersons:(a)…

Universal 1442: Original In all languages, if some form denotes the metaperson ‘speaker’, it cannot include among its meanings the following metapersons:(a) ‘hearer’;(b) ‘non-participant’ ,(c)…

Universal 1441: Original In an overwhelming majority of languages, there is a special form to denote the metaperson ‘speaker’. Standardized In an overwhelming majority of…

Universal 1440: Original In no language are there pronominal forms differentiating the number of elements within a metaperson, e.g. special forms for ‘hearer + hearer…

Universal 1439: Original Every one of the seven metapersons, i.e. ‘speaker’, ‘hearer’, ‘non-participant’, ‘speaker + hearer(s)’, ‘speaker + non-participant(s)’, ‘hearer(s) + non-participant(s)’, ‘speaker + hearer(s)…

Universal 1438: anger & guilt > adoration, alarm, amusement, & depression > alienation, arousal, & agony > eagerness > anxiety, aggravation, & pride > contentment…

Universal 1437: Original Nominal gender in plural suffixes is less distinct. Standardized IF plural inflection is differentiated as to genders, THEN singular inflection is also…

Universal 1436: N Adj ⇒ overt copula form (of “to be”) in the present tense form Original If in a language the adjective follows the…