Month: May 2020

Universal 1425: Original If a language has any passives it has ones characterized as basic; moreover, it may have only basic passives. Standardized IF there…

Universal 1424: Original Secondary oral stops, apart from borrowings, are the results of diachronic developments from clusters. Standardized Secondary oral stops, apart from borrowings, are…

Universal 1423: Original Secondary fricatives are the results of diachronic developments from clusters. Standardized Secondary fricatives are the results of diachronic developments from clusters. Keywords…

Universal 1422: voiceless obstruent (word-finally) ⇒ sonorant consonant (word-finally) Original If there are voiceless obstruents word-finally, then there are sonorant consonants word-finally. Standardized IF there…

Universal 1421: Original There is a tendency for languages having nasalized vowels to show more asymmetry than languages having long vowels. Standardized There is a…

Universal 1420: Original If a language has a distributive-key quantifier word, it has a distributive-key universal quantifier. Standardized IF there is a distributive-key quantifier word,…

Universal 1419: OV ⇒ Predicate Copula;VO ⇒ Copula Predicate Original The predicate precedes copula in OV languages and follows it in VO languages. Standardized IF…

Universal 1418: Original It is almost always possible to use the least marked indicative verb from in a narrative context. Standardized It is almost always…

Universal 1417: Original If there are separate forms for narrative and non-narrative past contexts, the non-narrative forms tend to be more highly marked than the…

Universal 1416: Original No language has reflexive relative pronouns. Standardized No language has reflexive relative pronouns. Keywords relative, pronoun, coreference Domain syntax Type unconditional Status…