Month: May 2020

Universal 1335: Original If we have an OSV basic order, then we also have SOV as an alternative order.If we have an OVS basic order,…

Universal 1334: Prep ⇒ ((RelN ⇒ GenN) & (GenN ⇒ AdjN) & (AdjN ⇒ DemN)) Original Prepositional Noun-Modifier Hierarchy (PrNMH): If a language is prepositional,…

Universal 1333: Original If we define a ‘vowel system’ to include all the segmental phonemes that occur as syllable peaks, then every language has a…

Universal 1332: Original If a language has a vowel system, it has contrasts of tongue height in that system. Standardized IF there are contrasts of…

Universal 1331: Original No phonological system has fewer than two contrasting positions of articulation for stops. Standardized No phonological system has fewer than two contrasting…

Universal 1330: Original Every phonological system contrasts phonemes that are typically stops with phonemes that are never stops. Standardized Every phonological system contrasts phonemes that…

Universal 1329: Original There are gaps, asymmetries, or “configurational pressures” in every phonological system, no matter when examined. Standardized There are gaps, asymmetries, or “configurational…

Universal 1328: Original A historical tendency toward phonological symmetry is universal. Standardized A historical tendency toward phonological symmetry is universal. Keywords phoneme inventory Domain phonology…

Universal 1327: Original Every human language makes use of distinction of vowel color. Standardized Every human language makes use of distinction of vowel color. Keywords…

Universal 1326: Original In every human language, redundancy, measured in phonological terms, hovers near 50%. Standardized In every human language, redundancy, measured in phonological terms,…