Month: May 2020

Universal 1325: Original Every human language has a distinction between one-referent and two-referent predicators. Standardized Every human language has a distinction between one-referent and two-referent…

Universal 1324: Original Every human language has a common clause type with bipartite structure in which the constituents can reasonably be termed “topic” and “comment”.…

Universal 1323: Original A major form-class distinction reminiscent of “noun” vs. “verb” is universal, though not always at the same size-level. Standardized A major form-class…

Universal 1322: Original No human language has a grammatically homogeneous vocabulary. Standardized No human language has a grammatically homogeneous vocabulary. Keywords vocabulary Domain lexicon Type…

Universal 1321: Original Every human language has proper names. Standardized Every human language has proper names. Keywords proper name Domain lexicon Type unconditional Status achronic…

Universal 1320: Original Among the deictic elements of every human language is one that denotes the speaker and one that denotes the addressee. Standardized Among…

Universal 1319: Original Monomorphemic reflexives can take long-distance antecedents whereas polymorphemic reflexives cannot. Standardized IF a reflexive can take long-distance antecedents, THEN it is monomorphemic.…

Universal 1318: Original Only the verbal domain can be the target of long scrambling. Standardized IF there is long scrambling, THEN its landing site will…

Universal 1317: Original Long scrambling is limited to extraction from AP and PP. Standardized IF long scrambling is possible, THEN it occurs out of (extended)…

Universal 1316: long scrambling ⇒ short scrambling Original If a language has long scrambling, it also has short scrambling. Standardized IF there is long scrambling,…