Month: May 2020

Universal 1235: argumentless passives and unaccusatives > expletive of displaced NPs > expletives of displaced CPs (S´) > weather predicates > referential NPs Original Hierarchy…

Universal 1234: Original If a language provides intransitive verbs that take patients as their theme (as in English ‘These wine glasses break easily, so be…

Universal 1233: complex form (locative) ⇒ from simple adposition (locative) Original All languages have at least one so-called “primitive” adposition which specifies location. If there…

Universal 1232: Original Diachronically, local cases tend to acquire temporal meanings; in particular, a terminative local case is predestined to acquire temporal meaning. Standardized Diachronically,…

Universal 1231: Original Diachronically, when an allative loses its local meaning (or acquires additional, non-local meanings), it will become a dative (expressing beneficiary and/or indirect…

Universal 1230: Original Diachronically, an undifferentiated locative (expressing where, whereto, wherefrom) retains the meaning of a where case when ‘whereto’ and ‘wherefrom’ cases are being…

Universal 1229: posterior local case ⇒ superior & inferior local case Original If there are posterior local cases, then there will also be both superior…

Universal 1228: superior &/v inferior local case ⇒ exterior local case Original If there are superior and/or inferior local cases, then there will also be…

Universal 1227: exterior local case ⇒ interior local case Original If there are exterior local cases, then there will also be interior local cases. Standardized…

Universal 1226: Original If there are cases differentiating where to relations other than terminative or prosecutive, then there will very likely be a terminative or…