Universal 101: N Poss ⇒ N A;
equivalently: A N ⇒ Poss N
- Original
- If the possessive adjective follows the noun, then the descriptive adjective follows the noun.
- Standardized
- IF the possessive adjective follows the noun, THEN the descriptive adjective follows the noun.
OR, EQUVALENTLY, BY CONTRAPOSITION:
IF the descriptive adjective precedes the noun, THEN the possessive adjective precedes the noun. - Keywords
- order, possessive, noun, adjective
- Domain
- syntax
- Type
- implication
- Status
- achronic
- Quality
- statistical
- Basis
- sample of 350 languages in Hawkins 1983
- Source
- Hawkins 1983: 109
- Counterexamples
- N Poss & A N: Bukidnon (W. Malayo-Polynesian, Austronesian), Kapampangan (Philippine Austronesian) (Hawkins 1983: 110). Gbaya Kaka, Gbeya Bossangoa, Sango, Linda, Nzakara (Adamawa-Ubangian, Niger-Congo); Majang (Surmic, Nilo-Saharan), Aja (Bongo-Bagirmi, Nilo-Saharan); Pa’anci (West Chadic, Afro-Asiatic); Icelandic (N. Germanic, Indo-European), [Car] Nicobarese (Austroasiatic), Batad Ifugao (Philippine Austronesian), Muruwari (Pama-Nyungan, Australian) (Dryer 2000).
Since the 1990s, Hawkins proposes alternative explanations of his universals (see e.g. Hawkins 1993: 234).