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Universal 1163: indefinite article ⇒ definite article

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 1163: indefinite article ⇒ definite article

Original
If a language has a grammaticalized indefinite article, it is likely to also have a definite article, while the reverse does not necessarily hold true.
Standardized
IF there is an indefinite article, THEN there is also a definite article.
Keywords
indefinite article, definite article
Domain
syntax
Type
implication
Status
achronic but presumably diachronically motivated
Quality
statistical
Basis
106 languages surveyed in Moravcsik 1969
Source
Heine 1997: 69, based on Moravcsik 1969
Counterexamples
[Modern] Aztec (Uto-Aztecan); Bambara (Mande, Niger-Congo); Romani (Indic, Indo-European); Rotuman, Sundanese (both Malayo-Polynesian, Austronesian)

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP

    The reverse generalization — that languages with definite articles also have indefinite ones — is supported by less than 40% of the languages surveyed (Heine 1997: 69).

    1. May 2020

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