Universal 1208: incorporation of instruments and/or locations ⇒ incorporation of patients of intransitive verbs ⇒ incorporation of patients of transitive verbs
Universal 1208: incorporation of instruments and/or locations ⇒ incorporation of patients of intransitive verbs ⇒ incorporation of patients of transitive verbs
Original
If a language incorporates nouns of only one semantic case, they will be patients of transitive verbs – whether the language is basically ergative, accusative, or agent/patient type. If a language incorporates only two types of arguments, they will be patients of transitive and intransitive verbs – again, regardless of the basic case structure of the language. Many languages additionally incorporate instruments and/or locations.
Standardized
Regardless of relational alignment, IF nouns in instrumental and/or locational relations can be incorporated into the verb, THEN nouns for patients of transitive and intransitive verbs can also be incorporated; IF patients of intransitive verbs can be incorporated, THEN patients of transitive verbs can also be incorporated.
Cf. similar claims by Mardirussian and Kozinsky (##1213, 188). According to Sapir 1911, nouns denoting body parts incorporate most easily – and they would seem to be instrumental.
Cf. similar claims by Mardirussian and Kozinsky (##1213, 188). According to Sapir 1911, nouns denoting body parts incorporate most easily – and they would seem to be instrumental.