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Universal 1289: possibility > necessity > impossibility > non-necessity

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 1289: possibility > necessity > impossibility > non-necessity

Original
Hierarchy of the auxiliarization of modality:
possibility > necessity > impossibility > non-necessity
Standardized
IF non-necessity is expressed by an auxiliary, THEN so is impossibility;
IF impossibility is expressed by an auxiliary, THEN so is necessity;
IF necessity is expressed by an auxiliary, THEN so is possibility.
Keywords
modality, auxiliary
Domain
syntax, semantics, lexicon
Type
implication
Status
diachronic
Quality
absolute
Basis
Slavonic, Germanic (both Indo-European)
Source
Hansen 1999: 5.3
Counterexamples

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP

    Read literally, the claim is not that this hierarchy is universal, but only that it is not language-particular.Referring to Löbner 1990, Hansen suggests that the hierarchy is not only valid for auxiliaries, but for all kinds of lexemes expressing modality.The context of Hansen’s discussion is diachronic: the hierarchy specifies the relative historical order in which lexical expressions (esp. verbs and nouns) are grammaticalized as modal auxiliaries.

    1. May 2020

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