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Universal 1293: possessive resultative ⇒ subjective resultative ⇒ objective resultative

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Universal 1293: possessive resultative ⇒ subjective resultative ⇒ objective resultative

Original
The presence of possessive resultatives implies subjective resultatives, and this in turn implies objective resultatives.
Standardized
IF there is a possessive resultative, THEN there is a subjective resultative.
IF there is a subjective resultative, THEN there is an objective resultative.
Keywords
diathesis, resultative
Domain
syntax
Type
implication
Status
achronic
Quality
statistical
Basis
languages surveyed in Nedjalkov (ed.) 1983, Nedjalkov (ed.)1988
Source
Nedjalkov & Jaxontov 1983: 17, Nedjalkov & Jaxontov 1988: 22
Counterexamples
Indonesian (W. Malayo-Polynesian, Austronesian) has possessive and objective resultatives, but no subjective resultatives. And only two verbs have possessive resultatives (for details see Salim, Ogloblin, & Nedjalkov 1988). Kozinsky 1985: 130 notes: In languages where there is no subjective resultative or it is unproductive, possessive resultative also occurs rarely or does not exist at all. This statement holds also for Indonesian. The reverse is not true: there are languages which have less productive possessive resultative and highly productive subjective resultative (e.g. NW Russian dialects, Chukchee, Fula)

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP

    Definitions: The underlying subject of the state in a resultative construction may be co-referential with either the underlying subject or the object of the previous action. In the case of the SUBJECTIVE RESULTATIVE, the underlying subject of the state (which is expressed by the surface subject of the stative predicate) is co-referential with the preceding action [e.g. John’s eyes have inflamed -> John’s eyes are inflamed], while in the case of the OBJECTIVE RESULTATIVE it is co-referential with the underlying object of the latter [e.g. John has opened the door -> The door is opened]. The objective resultative may be formed from transitive verbs exclusively. The subjective resultative is typically derived from intransitive verbs. A resultative form may be derived from a transitive verb and have a subjective diathesis if the underlying object of the previous action refers to a body part or possession of the underlying subject or to something in immediate contact with the latter. In these cases the result of the action affects the underlying subject rather than the immediate patient of the action. This variety of the resultative is termed as POSSESSIVE RESULTATIVE. Cf. Russian dialects:on nadel shapku [he put-on hat] ‘He has put on a hat’ => on (byl) nade-vshi shapku [he (was) put-on-GER hat] ‘He had a hat on’.

    1. May 2020

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