Universal 1311: SOV ⇒ causative affixes on V are suffixed

Universal 1311: SOV ⇒ causative affixes on V are suffixed

Original

If a language has SOV, causative affixes on verb (if any) are suffixed with more than chance frequency.

Standardized

IF basic order is SOV, THEN causative affixes on verbs are suffixed with more than chance frequency.

Keywords

order, SOV, verb, causative, affix-order, suffix

Domain

inflection, syntax

Type

implication

Status

achronic

Quality

statistical

Basis

200 languages drawn from three samples: a 113-language sample by L. Stassen, a 40-language sample by J. Bybee & R. Perkins, and a 50-language sample by G. Gilligan

Source

Cutler, Hawkins, & Gilligan 1985: 729; Hawkins & Gilligan 1988: 224

Counterexamples

Perkins-Bybee’s sample, 86% of SOV languages with causative affixes are suffixing, while 14% are prefixing.