Universal 1332:

Universal 1332:

Original

If a language has a vowel system, it has contrasts of tongue height in that system.

Standardized

IF there are contrasts of vowel tenseness, backness, length, etc., THEN there will be a contrast of height in that system.

Keywords

vowel, tongue height

Domain

phonology

Type

implication

Status

achronic

Quality

absolute

Basis

unspecified

Source

Hockett 1963: 27

Counterexamples