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Universal 1425:

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 1425:

Original
If a language has any passives it has ones characterized as basic; moreover, it may have only basic passives.
Standardized
IF there are non-basic passives, THEN there are basic passives.
Keywords
diathesis, passive
Domain
syntax
Type
implication
Status
achronic but presumably diachronically motivated
Quality
absolute
Basis
languages in Keenan 1985a
Source
Keenan 1985a: 247
Counterexamples
Ute (Uto-Aztecan) has impersonal passives without having basic passives (Keenan 1985a: 276).

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP

    Basic passives. Main features:(i) no agent phrase is present,(ii) the main verb (in its non-passive form) is transitive,(iii) the main verb expresses an activity, taking agent subjects and patient objects.

    1. May 2020

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