In all languages, if the metaperson ‘hearer(s) + non-participant(s)’ is not the only meaning denoted by some form, then this form must denote also metapersons ‘hearer’ in the non-singular (cf. universal ) and/or ‘hearer’ in the singular (cf. universal ).
Standardized
IF the metaperson ‘hearer(s) + non-participant(s)’ is not the only meaning denoted by a form, THEN this form must denote also metapersons ‘hearer’ in the non-singular and/or ‘hearer’ in the singular .
Keywords
personal pronoun, person, 2nd, hearer, non-participant, number, singular, non-singular
Domain
inflection, syntax, lexicon
Type
implication
Status
achronic
Quality
absolute
Basis
400 world-wide distributed languages, see Sokolovskaja 1980: 98-99; Sokolovskaja surveyed systems of independent personal pronouns only.
) and/or ‘hearer’ in the singular (cf. universal 
Sokolovskaja recognizes the following metapersons:’speaker’, ‘hearer’, ‘non-participant’, ‘speaker + hearer(s)’, ‘speaker + non-participant(s)’, ‘hearer(s) + non-participant(s)’, and ‘speaker + hearer(s) + non-participant(s).