Universal 1472:

Universal 1472:

Original

In an overwhelming majority of languages, there is no special form to denote the metaperson ‘speaker + hearer(s) + non-participant(s)’.

Standardized

In an overwhelming majority of languages, there is no special form to denote the metaperson ‘speaker + hearer(s) + non-participant(s)’.

Keywords

personal pronoun, person, speaker, hearer, non-participant

Domain

inflection, syntax, lexicon

Type

unconditional

Status

achronic

Quality

statistical

Basis

400 world-wide distributed languages, see Sokolovskaja 1980: 98-99; Sokolovskaja surveyed systems of independent personal pronouns only.

Source

Sokolovskaja 1980: 94, U 35

Counterexamples

The same as #1477.