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Universal 1487:

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 1487:

Original
Noun incorporation is possible for underlying objects only.
Standardized
Noun incorporation, per movement in syntax (as opposed to lexical compound formation), is possible for underlying objects only.
Keywords
incorporation, noun, object, patient
Domain
morphology, syntax
Type
unconditional
Status
achronic
Quality
absolute
Basis
languages surveyed in Baker 1988 and Baker 1996
Source
Baker 1988: ch. 3, Baker 1996: 291
Counterexamples
Mayali (Gunwingguan, Australian) allows the agent argument of unergative verbs to incorporate (Evans 1991: 286), cited in Baker (1996: 332).In Chukchi (Chukchi-Kamchatkan), adjuncts and adverbials are freely incorporable as well as objects (Payne 1993), but see Comments.

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP

    1. Subjects of some intransitive verbs (unaccusative verbs) can be incorporated. Unaccusative verbs take a direct object argument underlyingly. Subjects of unergative verbs (agentive verbs), on the other hand, can never be incorporated. (Baker 1996: 294)2. It has been argued that languages sometimes allow the incorporation of nominals other than patients, such as instruments, locatives (Mithun 1984, see #1212, also Sapir 1911), predicative modifiers (Launey 1981: 167-169), or other kinds of adjuncts (Shibatani 1990, Spencer 1995). Baker (1996: 295), however, assumes that those types are not true instances of movement in the syntax, but rather are cases of N-V compounding formed in the lexicon.3. J. Payne (1993) sees no reason for accepting Spencer’s conclusion that incorporation in Chukchi must be lexical compounding.

    1. May 2020

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