Universal 1608:
- Original
- Permeability of classes of consonants to nasalization:
vowels > {[h], glottal stop (=laryngeal segments)} > w, y (=oral glides) > r,l (=liquids) > obstruents.
(where glides, liquids, and obstruents are referred as supralaryngeal segments).
- Standardized
- IF the feature [nasal] spreads through supralaryngeal segments (like in the implicational sequence above), THEN it spreads also through vowels.
IF the feature [nasal] spreads through laryngeal segments, THEN it spreads also through vowels.
IF the feature [nasal] spreads through supralaryngeal segments, THEN it does not necessarily spread through laryngeal segments.IN OTHER WORDS: spreading through supralaryngeal segments is independent of spreading through laryngeal segments.
- Keywords
- nasalization
- Domain
- phonology
- Type
- implicational hierarchy
- Status
- achronic
- Quality
- statistical
- Basis
- 37 languages sample (Cohn 1987)
- Source
- Cohn 1987 as summed up in Cohn 1993a: 336-337
- Counterexamples
Slight modification of the hierarchy proposed by Schourup (1972) and catalogued in #1610. The hierarchy characterizes the permeability of classes of consonants to nasalization.