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Universal 1625:

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 1625:

Original
In languages with double numeral systems, the set of numerals labelled as A tends to be associated with singular(s) as the unmarked number category.
Standardized
In languages with double numeral systems:
IF the numeral of the A set is used, THEN the item counted or measured tends to be in the singular.
Keywords
double numeral system, number, singular
Domain
morphology, syntax
Type
no genuine implication; rather: provided that
Status
achronic
Quality
absolute
Basis
5 languages with double numeral systems: 3 numeral classifier languages: Ojibwa (Algonquian, Algic), Khasi (Mon-Khmer), Yurok (Ritwan, Algic); 2 non-classifier languages: Javanese (Sundic, Austronesian), Burushaski (isolate)
Source
Greenberg 1974b: 82
Counterexamples

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP

    DOUBLE NUMERAL SYSTEMs differentiate between either two lexically distinct forms for the number ‘one’ or two different numeral series. Greenberg labels these two sets of numerals A-forms and B-forms. Typically, A-forms are used in constructions expressing “artificial unit formation”, while B-forms usually express “natural unit counting”, cf. ‘five cupfuls’ [which is a non-standard measure] (A construction) vs. ‘five cups’ (B construction), which in a numeral classifier language corresponds to the contrast ‘ five cup sugar’ vs. ‘five round-object cup’ (cf. #1629). Additionally, A-forms seem to be syntactically dependent, i. e. they cannot stand alone but must be immediately followed by the item counted, while B-forms are independent ones (cf. #1628). Note that Javanese has no morphological category for number.

    1. May 2020

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