Universal 1824:
- Original
- Standardized
- IF there is a voiced pharyngeal fricative, THEN there is a voiceless pharyngeal fricative.
- Keywords
- fricative, pharyngeal, voice
- Domain
- phonology
- Type
- implication
- Status
- achronic
- Quality
- absolute
- Basis
- Maddieson’s UPSID-451 database
- Source
- Pericliev (i.p.)
- Counterexamples
1. This is a more specific version of Nartey’s claim: (#773) “The presence of a voiced primary fricative in a language is highly likely to imply the presence of its voiceless equivalent,” as well as #799: “If there is a voiced obstruent, then most likely its voiceless cognate is present as well.”2. Cf. ##1807, 1809.