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Universal 1907:

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 1907:

Original
If in a language the marker for instrumental forms part of the mode of expression of predicative possession, then there is a 50% probability that comitative and instrumental are not distinguished by formal means.
Standardized
When the marker for instrumental forms part of the mode of expression of predicative possession, there is a 50% probability that comitative and instrumental are not distinguished by formal means.
Keywords
case, comitative, instrumental, predicative possession
Domain
inflection, syntax
Type
no genuine implication; rather: provided that
Status
achronic
Quality
statistical
Basis
65 European languages
Source
Stolz 2001: 330
Counterexamples

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP

    1. Examples: languages where the marker for instrumental forms part of the mode of expression of predicative possession and where comitative and instrumental are not distinguished by formal means: Irish le, Icelandic með.; languages where only the former applies: Finnish, Welsh.2. Cf. ##1911, 1913, 1914.

    1. May 2020

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