Universal 1913:
- Original
- VO languages tend to have an unmarked accusative.
- Standardized
- IF basic order is VO, THEN the “promoted” direct object tends to be unmarked.
- Keywords
- order, VO, direct object, dative-shift, markedness
- Domain
- inflection, syntax
- Type
- implication
- Status
- achronic
- Quality
- absolute
- Basis
- languages surveyed in Givón 1984
- Source
- Givón 1984: 176
- Counterexamples
Givon’s examples are KinyaRwanda, Nez Perce