If a language has Class IV predicates requiring non-canonicaly marked A/S, then it also has Class Ia-b, Class IIa-c, Class IIIa-b and Class V predicates requiring non-canonically marked A/S or O.
Standardized
IF there are Class IV predicates requiring non-canonicaly marked A/S, THEN there are also Class Ia-b, Class IIa-c, Class IIIa-b and Class V predicates requiring non-canonically marked A/S or O.
Keywords
case, agent, patient, subject, predicate
Domain
inflection, lexicon
Type
implication
Status
achronic
Quality
absolute
Basis
Icelandic, Bengali, Japanese, Imbabura Quechua, Amele, Tariana, and further lgs mentioned in paper (convenience collection)
CLASS I: one- or two-place (primary-A) verbs with affected A/S.Ia: physiological states/events;Ib: inner feelings/psychological experiences;CLASS II: two-place (primary-A/B) verbs with less agentive A (or S) and less affected O (or E).IIa: perception;IIb: cognition;IIc: liking;IId: searching/finding;IIe: following/meeting;IIf: interacting;IIg: addressing;IIh: resembling.CLASS III: two-place secondary verbs with modal meanings.IIIa: wanting;IIIb: necessity/obligation;IIIc: capability/possibility;IIId: trying/success/failure;IIIe: evidentiality.CLASS IV: predicates expressing happenings.CLASS V: verbs of possession, existence, and lacking.