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Universal 2013:

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 2013:

Original
It is probably the case that a classifier set always includes a contrast human/nonhuman or animate/inanimate … A gender/noun class system almost always includes a contrast human/nonhuman or animate/inanimate, and even if it does not there will be a distinction of this type elsewhere in the grammar.
Standardized
(i) IF there are classifiers for other contrasts, THEN there are ones for the contrast human/nonhuman or animate/inanimate;(ii) IF there are genders or noun classes for other contrasts, THEN there are ones for the contrast human/nonhuman or animate/inanimate.(iii) There is a contrast human/nonhuman or animate/inanimate recognized by some grammatical forms (such as interrogative pronouns) or rules.
Keywords
classifier, gender, animacy
Domain
inflection, syntax
Type
implication
Status
achronic
Quality
absolute?
Basis
“more than 500 languages in all” (?)
Source
Aikhenvald & Dixon 1998: 58-59
Counterexamples
to (iii): Ewe (Kwa, Niger-Congo)(authors).

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP
    1. May 2020

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