On the lexical level frequentalia of active languages are as follows: the inactive noun class is often subdivided into groups according to the shape of things, the active noun class is often subdivided into persons and animals; suppletion of so-called “singular” and ”plural” verbs; etymological identity of nominal and partly verbal lexemes, based on analogies existing between animal and plant organisms and their functions: cf. the material identity of the semantemes ‘blood’ ≈ ‘juice’, ‘ear’ ≈ ‘leaf’.
Standardized
IF alignment is predominantly active, THEN there tend to be the following properties as well: the class of inactive nouns is further subdivided by shape categories; the class of active nouns is further subdivided by animacy (person vs. animal); there are singular and plural verbs in suppletive relationship; there are polysemies of nouns based on analogies existing between animal and plant organisms and their functions.
Klimov being a “stadialist”, these frequentalia are to be seen as characterizing developmental stages, with the ergative stage developing from the active stage and developing into the accusative stage.
Klimov being a “stadialist”, these frequentalia are to be seen as characterizing developmental stages, with the ergative stage developing from the active stage and developing into the accusative stage.