1. This implication can be exemplified by Adygei (N. Caucasian), Aymara (Andean), Blackfoot (Algonquian), Georgian (S. Caucasian), Quechua (Andean), Nanaian, Evenki (both Tungus, Altaic), Japanese (Japanese-Ryukyuan), Nivkh (isolate), Turkish, and Mongolian (both Altaic) languages, etc. The reverse is not always found. For example, permissiveness is not found to accompany factivitity in Arabic (Semitic, Afro-Asiatic), Basque (isolate), Zulu (Bantoid, Benue-Congo), Indonesian (Malayo-Polynesian), and Takelma (isolate) (Nedjalkov & Sil’nickij 1969: 29, 1973: 11).2. In FACTITIVE causation, the only or primary source of changes in the referential plane is the causing subject, e.g. Russian: Ja velel emu prijti ‘I ordered him to come’, ja pozval ego ‘I invited him’, ja zakryl dver’ ‘I closed the door’, ja ispugal ego ‘I frightened him’. In PERMISSIVE causation the primary source of these changes is the caused subject, and the role of the causing subject is reduced to permitting or obstructing the changes: ja [ne] razreshil emu prijti ‘I [did not] allow(ed) him to come’, ja [ne] vpustil ego ‘I [did not] let him in’, on [ne] dal dveri zakryt’sja ‘he [did not] let the door close’. 3. Cf. #1586.
1. This implication can be exemplified by Adygei (N. Caucasian), Aymara (Andean), Blackfoot (Algonquian), Georgian (S. Caucasian), Quechua (Andean), Nanaian, Evenki (both Tungus, Altaic), Japanese (Japanese-Ryukyuan), Nivkh (isolate), Turkish, and Mongolian (both Altaic) languages, etc. The reverse is not always found. For example, permissiveness is not found to accompany factivitity in Arabic (Semitic, Afro-Asiatic), Basque (isolate), Zulu (Bantoid, Benue-Congo), Indonesian (Malayo-Polynesian), and Takelma (isolate) (Nedjalkov & Sil’nickij 1969: 29, 1973: 11).2. In FACTITIVE causation, the only or primary source of changes in the referential plane is the causing subject, e.g. Russian: Ja velel emu prijti ‘I ordered him to come’, ja pozval ego ‘I invited him’, ja zakryl dver’ ‘I closed the door’, ja ispugal ego ‘I frightened him’. In PERMISSIVE causation the primary source of these changes is the caused subject, and the role of the causing subject is reduced to permitting or obstructing the changes: ja [ne] razreshil emu prijti ‘I [did not] allow(ed) him to come’, ja [ne] vpustil ego ‘I [did not] let him in’, on [ne] dal dveri zakryt’sja ‘he [did not] let the door close’. 3. Cf. #1586.