Universal 305: passives of INTR ⇒ passives of TR

Universal 305: passives of INTR ⇒ passives of TR

Original

If a language has passive voice forms derived from intransitive verbs, it has passive voice derived from transitive verbs as well.

Standardized

IF there is a passive of intransitive verbs, THEN there is a passive of transitive verbs as well.

Keywords

diathesis, passive, transitivity

Domain

inflection, syntax

Type

implication

Status

achronic

Quality

absolute?

Basis

languages surveyed in Kozinsky 1981

Source

Kozinsky 1981, Keenan 1985a: 249, and many others

Counterexamples