Universal 413: SOV ⇒ Gender affixes on N are suffixed;
prefixed Gender affixes ⇒ VO ; (or: prefixed Gender affixes ⇒ ¬SOV)

Universal 413: SOV ⇒ Gender affixes on N are suffixed;
prefixed Gender affixes ⇒ VO ; (or: prefixed Gender affixes ⇒ ¬SOV)

Original

If a language has SOV, Gender affixes on N (if any) are suffixed.
If a language has prefixed Gender affixes, it will have VO (i.e. not SOV).

Standardized

IF basic order is SOV, THEN gender affixes on nouns (if any) are suffixed.
IF there are prefixed gender affixes, THEN basic order is VO (i.e. not SOV).

Keywords

order, SOV, noun, gender, affix-order, suffix, prefix

Domain

inflection, syntax

Type

implication

Status

achronic

Quality

absolute

Basis

200 languages drawn from three samples: a 113-language sample by L. Stassen, a 40-language sample by J. Bybee & R. Perkins, and a 50-language sample by G. Gilligan

Source

Cutler, Hawkins, & Gilligan 1985: 729; Hawkins & Gilligan 1988: 223, cited in Moravcsik 1994a: 49

Counterexamples