Universal 514:

Original: A language never has more gender categories in non-singular numbers than in the singular.
Standardized: IF there are n genders in the non-singular, THEN there will be at least n genders in the singular.
Keywords: gender, number
Domain: inflection
Type: implication
Status: achronic
Quality: absolute
Basis: 30 languages of Greenberg 1963 sample
Source: Greenberg 1963: 95, #37

Counterexamples: 1. Farsi-Kabuli (Farsi dialect) (Iranian, IE) (Uspensky 1968: 9);2. Tahaggart, Tuareg, Kabyle, Proto-Berber (according to one reconstruction) (Afro-Asiatic) have gender contrast in 1/2/3PL and in 2SG, but not in 3SG (for details see Plank & Schellinger 1997). 3. Languages distinguishing gender in all persons and numbers except for 1SG: Ntifa independent subject pronouns(Berber, Afro-Asiatic), Hadza, Nama (both Khoisan). (For details see Plank & Schellinger 1997).4. A number of Austronesian languages distinguish animate/non-animate forms in the plural only. Biak (South Halmahera-West New Guinea, Austronesian) has animate/inanimate forms for 3PL pronouns and demonstratives, but not in the SG, DU, or TRial. An animate/inanimate oppostion is reconstructed for 3PL in South Solomonic languages (Steinhauer 1985, 1986, Plank & Schellinger 1997, cited in Aikhenvald 2000: 244)

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